Before he died under the surgeons scalpel, I was friends with and spent much time with a man named Doctor Christian Lindtner, an academic who wrote, lectured and spoke the ancient language of Sanskrit. Christian Lindtner and I attended many conferences on language and religion together, and he wrote a number of books on the subject. He was of the opinion that Jesus Christ was a Jewish Buddha, and Lindtners last book before his untimely death was to that effect, following the translation of the Lotus Vedas, he opined that the entire Christian story of Christs' birth and life was written two thousand years earlier than Christs' birth, in India. The details of the Christian narrative are exactly similar to the Lotus Vedas, and Lindtner thought that the Christian story was plagiarised from the Sanskrit, with so many parallels to make it impossible to disagree with that view.
"Without them there would be no science and technology" is an unimaginable stretch. They are of middle-eastern (which is another way of saying African) & Eastern European descent. How can you seriously believe these people would be the only way science and technology could come in to the world. That certainly isn't true as metal welding was common in West-Africa way before any other society not to mention the first people to ever use bows and spears for hunting food to survive. Every homo-sapien civilisation has their African ancestors to thank for that. Incase you weren't aware Simon bows and spears are a form of technology, although archaic, humans would not have progressed anywhere without it.
I'm not sure that I would regard Middle Eastern as being the same as African! It is true that Africans invented spears, but bows and arrows is less certain. In any case, these things were thousands of years ago. Are you saying that the most recent inventions from Africa were made 50,000 years ago?
1. Middle-eastern people are African they have unmutated native African D.N.A as the first humans to leave Africa were from East Africa and they first travelled into the levant and through to the Asia and Europe. So, yes a quick genetic analysis would reveal most Middle-easterners have significant African ancestry. So, they are genetically African.
2. Do, you honestly believe that an African society can conduct metallurgy but, over the course of centuries cannot devise a bow and arrow. Where else would the humans out of Africa inherited that knowledge from?
3. It's honestly laughable that you go around calling yourself a historian but, you think the oldest civilisation's on the planet. You so, ill informed that you didn't evem middle-easterners are partially African.
From that perspective, of course, all humans are partly African, since that is where we all originated. As far as the metal-working is concerned, it is debateable whether this emerged independently in Africa or whether the techniques diffused from elsewhere. There is no firm evidence either way.
Iron production activities are shown to have taken place as early as 3000–2500BCE in habitation sites like Balimbé, Bétumé, and Bouboun, smelting sites like Gbabiri, and forge sites like Ôboui and Gbatoro. The last two sites provide high-resolution data on the spatial patterning of blacksmiths’ workshops dating from 2500 to 2000BCE.
Developed independentslly by the nok people of what is now known as modern day Nigeria. These people also, built terrocotta statues showcasing the bow and arrow. It appears that too also, developed in Africa first. The nok peoples exact origins are unclear as of now. But, based on the items found burried at the town their items were discovered in they are predicted to have come from the Northern region of the Sahel.
African societies is are ancient so, I don't know why you find it strange that there would be missing archeological evidence due to the nature of time for any mega-civilisation that did exist. At least try and do some research Simon before you spread misinformation about the continent.
"All humans are partly African" No, they aren't all humans have a mutated derivative of African D.N.A which would make them non-African as it has evolved to the specific environment those people live in.
Middle-easterners on the other hand are a mixed race group of people. Some are more genetically African than others of course. Those Arabs tend to be brown and have curly hair. But, any levantinr or middle-eastern with strong roots to the middle-east has undiluted D.N.A.
This is because, they are the descendants of the Africand that first migrated out of Africa 60-80,000+ years ago.
As for the metallurgy that developed in West Africa. It was developed by the nok people, who mysteriously disappeared. A bit or research will reveal that "Iron production activities are shown to have taken place as early as 3000–2500BCE in habitation sites like Balimbé, Bétumé, and Bouboun, smelting sites like Gbabiri, and forge sites like Ôboui and Gbatoro."
Source: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.63So, metallurgy definitely developed earlier in Africa and, may have even developed earlier but, it's harder to find samples like these due to the nature of degradation upon artificial objects by natural forces over long periods of time.
It was developed independently by the Nok people who may have originated from Northern or Western Sahel region. They also, produced terracotta sculptures showing them with spears and bows. So bows definitely were common place in Africa first Simon. Honestly do you even bother to research African history before lying about it
Of course bows were used in Africa, but whether the people who first used them there devised them themselves, or were rather given the idea by people outside the continent, is certainly open to question. The earliest bows found by archaeologists were unearthed in Denmark and were at least 10,000 years old. In other words, they existed at least 8,000 years before the sculptures which you mention, showing their use in Africa. There is also a good deal of controversy about some of the supposed kilns and iron-working sites which you mention. Some of them have subsequently been found to be of natural origin, essentially they were tree stumps which had been struck by lightning!
By the way, you do know that Africa was not mentioned once in that article, I suppose? You accuse me of lying about Africa, but I said not a single word on the subject!
😂😂😂😂 tree stumps struck by lightning hahahah. Yep terracotta figurines and metal weapons and items are not man-made inventions but, tree stumps. You're statement is so, dumbfounding because, it contradicts literal archeology and the work of every scholar in the field. Also, a bow found in Denmark doesn't negate the obvious fact they had to have learnt it from somewhere. The question is where is the ultimate source of that knowledge. Hahahah! This comment cracked me up at least pretend like your a historian Simon. Hahahaha!
Hi Simon, I’ve just finished watching the new Joe Rogan interview with Jordan Peterson and was looking at his new Academy and it looks amazing- then I was just reading your email and it occurred to me how cool it’d be if you did some history courses- I’d love that
Very good. Is there any source for the theory of the left hand path? Would simply facing the rising sun not be a more likely explanation? (Eg do Aryan who went east, face west and consider the right hand path is sinister?)
Also I'm sure there are quite some few examples of two headed monsters. Not that that detracts from your point about the number three.
I look forward to buying and reading the eventual book. (as a standalone essay you might want to remove the reference to the book?). I also look forward to hearing your over arching theory - very intriguing!
I'm glad that you liked it. The business about the left and right hand is speculative. I'd be interested to hear about two-headed monsters or serpents in European folklore.
The ellipsis (...) at the far right of the Like/Reply/Share line at the bottom of your comment contains both the Edit and Delete functions for comments of yours. For other commenters it brings up a Report function with both ominous and mysterious import.
Hmm. In my experience the Edit option is only missing if the commenter is not subscribed at the level allowing comments to be made (varies by creator's choice) or if the comment was not written by the subscriber wishing to edit. I'd be interested to hear of other instances where comment editing is not allowed.
An excellent piece, Simon. I wonder if you are aware of the work of Arthur Kemp? Very hard to find these days because the Internet is determined that you should not know of him. His magnum opus the March of the Titans, about the development that you describe and how as it extended throughout the world over thousands of years, sets out how each stage eventually failed because of overreach and miscegenation.
I have indeed heard of Arthur Kemp, but would hesitate to mention him on my YouTube channel! I walk a delicate enough tightrope there as it is... The very word 'miscegenation' was enough to get me into trouble there.
It is a big stretch to take the alleged Yamnaya origin of Indo-Europeans as a fact. It is not a fact. It is a theory. You have ZERO proof of what these Yamnaya people spoke. Absolutely ZERO. The earliest direct evidence of any Indo-Europeans on the steppe are the Iranian speaking Cimmerians & Scythians no earlier than 900 BC, which is about 2000 years later than Yamnaya. Considering how frequently languages keep changing on the steppe it is a stretch to suggest that even 2000 to 3000 years before the Scythians, the people on the steppe were still speaking Indo-Europeans. Let me also add in here that according to Herodotus, the Scythians themselves came to the steppe from somewhere south which is not really surprising when you consider that the oldest Indo-Iranian texts such as the Veda & the Avesta were composed much further south in and around the Indian subcontinent.
It is also quite ridiculous to imagine that nomadic steppe people could give rise to 4 great world civilisations of the Indians, Persians, Greeks & Romans. That Indo-Europeans could give rise to so much of the world culture and civilization points to the likelihood that their origins too must lie in some great Bronze Age civilization and not in the rag tag nomads of the barren steppe.
I suggest that it is the massive Bronze Age civilization of the Indus and its surrounding Eastern Iranian & BMAC cultures which were the earliest Indo-European civilizations from where they later on expanded all across Eurasia.
You might want look at what the world's greatest expert on this subject, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza has to say about this. His book Genes, Peoples and Languages sets out the evidence clearly.
For the sake of everyone's sanity and the many jaws currently dropped on the floor, can I suggest we leave 'Mr Bloom' to stew in his own hallucinogenic juice? He has clearly smoked something.
Claiming that *all* of the things we used were invented by descendants of the Aryans is probably a stretch. I doubt that it's much more than 99% of all of the things. Maybe 99.5%.
Jokes aside, I'm amused by people who treat rhetorical devices as literal claims. I'm even more amused by people who dig into prehistory to refute the claims. Agreed, spears, and the flint knapping and the fire-hardening of sharpened sticks and making of cordage and glue from plant and animal sources are all technology. The species wouldn't be where it is now and possibly would have gone extinct without them. But is that really the best refutation of "All the wonderful things which make up the modern world ... are the product of European thought and ingenuity."?
It's not just nouns that share a common root in English, Russian, and German. There are lots of verbs that share a common root and just a few examples below
to concentrate концентрироваться konzentrieren
to organise организовывать organisieren
to react реагировать reagieren
to interest oneself in something интересоваться interessieren sich
to motivate мотивировать motivieren.
where Cyrillic р -> г in English
г -> g in English
з -> z in English
н -> n in English
c -> s in English
Interestingly, the Americans write z for s in organize, which is closer to the Russian as s is с in Cyrillic. Where can see the verb suffix -овать in Russian you can see -ieren in German.
Not being a philologist I'm not sure if these words have a common Latin or Greek root or whether they were adopted later into all three but that seems unlikely.
I was very interested to read about the origins of the significance of the number three. I have a further piece of evidence to offer and a suggestion as to why the number might have been considered to be so important.
Florence and Kenneth Wood wrote two fascinating books decoding Homer’s epics which are set broadly in the Bronze Age; ‘Homer’s Secret Iliad’ and ‘Homer’s Secret Odyssey.’ These reveal both works to be the earliest books of astronomy and extended mnemonics for the positions of the stars and constellations in the night sky. Understanding these accurately would have been enormously important for navigation and for measuring the passage of time. Although the original text of the philosopher, Heraclitus, no longer exists, quotations and references to his book appear in the works of other writers, one of whom states that ”Heraclitus calls Homer an astronomer.”
The references to the number three occur in the story in which Odysseus encounters the one-eyed Polyphemus. “A seemingly random assembly of numbers and images point towards Homer’s understanding of pi, the ration of the diameter of a circle to its circumference.”(p115)
“In the story of Odysseus’s encounter with Polyphemus there are many images of ‘circles’ and ‘roundness.’ “ “ It is not only the large round eye in the middle of Polyphemus’s forehead that gives an image of a circle, another arises when the Greeks blind Polyphemus by taking a pointed pole of olive wood and rotating it in his eye socket. And if that were not enough, the name ‘Cyclops’ implies roundness, circular or revolving. Other images of roundness that Homer lists in the adventure with Polyphemus include wagon wheels, a boulder, a silver mixing bowl, jars of wine, baskets laden with round cheeses, open bowls of whey and milk, and an olive wood bowl.“ (P116)
“* Odysseus received three gifts from Aaron the priest.
* Polyphemus keeps his lambs and kids in three separate pens.
*. Each sailor escapes by clinging to the bellies of three black sheep lashed together.
*. An olive bowl offered to Polyphemus is filled with wine and emptied three times.
* After milking, Polyphemus divides the milk into three parts (milk to drink, cheese curds and whey)
*. Polyphemus seals and opens the cave three times, and three times repeats the name ’Noman.’
* Three times, Polyphemus eats two of Odysseus’s men, and his encounter with the Cyclops takes place over three days.” (P116)
Also included in this story are the numbers 7, 21 and 22.
Three times the diameter of a circle is approximately its circumference. Pi is an infinite number which has intrigued mathematicians for thousands of years, including Archimedes. Pi can also be expressed approximately as 22/7.
The wheel was, of course, an invention of great importance, then as it is still now. And the strange relationship of the circumference to the diameter might well be regarded as having magical significance.
I've seen your video on the topic. What I'm questioning is whether you are excluding any contribution from the Middle East, or whether you consider them to be also Aryan descended.
Before he died under the surgeons scalpel, I was friends with and spent much time with a man named Doctor Christian Lindtner, an academic who wrote, lectured and spoke the ancient language of Sanskrit. Christian Lindtner and I attended many conferences on language and religion together, and he wrote a number of books on the subject. He was of the opinion that Jesus Christ was a Jewish Buddha, and Lindtners last book before his untimely death was to that effect, following the translation of the Lotus Vedas, he opined that the entire Christian story of Christs' birth and life was written two thousand years earlier than Christs' birth, in India. The details of the Christian narrative are exactly similar to the Lotus Vedas, and Lindtner thought that the Christian story was plagiarised from the Sanskrit, with so many parallels to make it impossible to disagree with that view.
"Without them there would be no science and technology" is an unimaginable stretch. They are of middle-eastern (which is another way of saying African) & Eastern European descent. How can you seriously believe these people would be the only way science and technology could come in to the world. That certainly isn't true as metal welding was common in West-Africa way before any other society not to mention the first people to ever use bows and spears for hunting food to survive. Every homo-sapien civilisation has their African ancestors to thank for that. Incase you weren't aware Simon bows and spears are a form of technology, although archaic, humans would not have progressed anywhere without it.
I'm not sure that I would regard Middle Eastern as being the same as African! It is true that Africans invented spears, but bows and arrows is less certain. In any case, these things were thousands of years ago. Are you saying that the most recent inventions from Africa were made 50,000 years ago?
1. Middle-eastern people are African they have unmutated native African D.N.A as the first humans to leave Africa were from East Africa and they first travelled into the levant and through to the Asia and Europe. So, yes a quick genetic analysis would reveal most Middle-easterners have significant African ancestry. So, they are genetically African.
2. Do, you honestly believe that an African society can conduct metallurgy but, over the course of centuries cannot devise a bow and arrow. Where else would the humans out of Africa inherited that knowledge from?
3. It's honestly laughable that you go around calling yourself a historian but, you think the oldest civilisation's on the planet. You so, ill informed that you didn't evem middle-easterners are partially African.
From that perspective, of course, all humans are partly African, since that is where we all originated. As far as the metal-working is concerned, it is debateable whether this emerged independently in Africa or whether the techniques diffused from elsewhere. There is no firm evidence either way.
Source: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.63
Iron production activities are shown to have taken place as early as 3000–2500BCE in habitation sites like Balimbé, Bétumé, and Bouboun, smelting sites like Gbabiri, and forge sites like Ôboui and Gbatoro. The last two sites provide high-resolution data on the spatial patterning of blacksmiths’ workshops dating from 2500 to 2000BCE.
Developed independentslly by the nok people of what is now known as modern day Nigeria. These people also, built terrocotta statues showcasing the bow and arrow. It appears that too also, developed in Africa first. The nok peoples exact origins are unclear as of now. But, based on the items found burried at the town their items were discovered in they are predicted to have come from the Northern region of the Sahel.
African societies is are ancient so, I don't know why you find it strange that there would be missing archeological evidence due to the nature of time for any mega-civilisation that did exist. At least try and do some research Simon before you spread misinformation about the continent.
"All humans are partly African" No, they aren't all humans have a mutated derivative of African D.N.A which would make them non-African as it has evolved to the specific environment those people live in.
Middle-easterners on the other hand are a mixed race group of people. Some are more genetically African than others of course. Those Arabs tend to be brown and have curly hair. But, any levantinr or middle-eastern with strong roots to the middle-east has undiluted D.N.A.
This is because, they are the descendants of the Africand that first migrated out of Africa 60-80,000+ years ago.
As for the metallurgy that developed in West Africa. It was developed by the nok people, who mysteriously disappeared. A bit or research will reveal that "Iron production activities are shown to have taken place as early as 3000–2500BCE in habitation sites like Balimbé, Bétumé, and Bouboun, smelting sites like Gbabiri, and forge sites like Ôboui and Gbatoro."
Source: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.63So, metallurgy definitely developed earlier in Africa and, may have even developed earlier but, it's harder to find samples like these due to the nature of degradation upon artificial objects by natural forces over long periods of time.
It was developed independently by the Nok people who may have originated from Northern or Western Sahel region. They also, produced terracotta sculptures showing them with spears and bows. So bows definitely were common place in Africa first Simon. Honestly do you even bother to research African history before lying about it
Lol!
Of course bows were used in Africa, but whether the people who first used them there devised them themselves, or were rather given the idea by people outside the continent, is certainly open to question. The earliest bows found by archaeologists were unearthed in Denmark and were at least 10,000 years old. In other words, they existed at least 8,000 years before the sculptures which you mention, showing their use in Africa. There is also a good deal of controversy about some of the supposed kilns and iron-working sites which you mention. Some of them have subsequently been found to be of natural origin, essentially they were tree stumps which had been struck by lightning!
By the way, you do know that Africa was not mentioned once in that article, I suppose? You accuse me of lying about Africa, but I said not a single word on the subject!
😂😂😂😂 tree stumps struck by lightning hahahah. Yep terracotta figurines and metal weapons and items are not man-made inventions but, tree stumps. You're statement is so, dumbfounding because, it contradicts literal archeology and the work of every scholar in the field. Also, a bow found in Denmark doesn't negate the obvious fact they had to have learnt it from somewhere. The question is where is the ultimate source of that knowledge. Hahahah! This comment cracked me up at least pretend like your a historian Simon. Hahahaha!
Hi Simon, I’ve just finished watching the new Joe Rogan interview with Jordan Peterson and was looking at his new Academy and it looks amazing- then I was just reading your email and it occurred to me how cool it’d be if you did some history courses- I’d love that
Very good. Is there any source for the theory of the left hand path? Would simply facing the rising sun not be a more likely explanation? (Eg do Aryan who went east, face west and consider the right hand path is sinister?)
Also I'm sure there are quite some few examples of two headed monsters. Not that that detracts from your point about the number three.
I look forward to buying and reading the eventual book. (as a standalone essay you might want to remove the reference to the book?). I also look forward to hearing your over arching theory - very intriguing!
I'm glad that you liked it. The business about the left and right hand is speculative. I'd be interested to hear about two-headed monsters or serpents in European folklore.
Amphisbaena?
/revenue/eventual/ - sorry no Edit function here.
The ellipsis (...) at the far right of the Like/Reply/Share line at the bottom of your comment contains both the Edit and Delete functions for comments of yours. For other commenters it brings up a Report function with both ominous and mysterious import.
The ellipsis (burger) doesn't have an Edit option in all contexts.
Hmm. In my experience the Edit option is only missing if the commenter is not subscribed at the level allowing comments to be made (varies by creator's choice) or if the comment was not written by the subscriber wishing to edit. I'd be interested to hear of other instances where comment editing is not allowed.
That's definitely some of the contexts. I don't have an exhaustive list. It may also vary depending on the client.
Well, that was certain to set off some hot asses.
I hope not!
An excellent piece, Simon. I wonder if you are aware of the work of Arthur Kemp? Very hard to find these days because the Internet is determined that you should not know of him. His magnum opus the March of the Titans, about the development that you describe and how as it extended throughout the world over thousands of years, sets out how each stage eventually failed because of overreach and miscegenation.
I have indeed heard of Arthur Kemp, but would hesitate to mention him on my YouTube channel! I walk a delicate enough tightrope there as it is... The very word 'miscegenation' was enough to get me into trouble there.
It is a big stretch to take the alleged Yamnaya origin of Indo-Europeans as a fact. It is not a fact. It is a theory. You have ZERO proof of what these Yamnaya people spoke. Absolutely ZERO. The earliest direct evidence of any Indo-Europeans on the steppe are the Iranian speaking Cimmerians & Scythians no earlier than 900 BC, which is about 2000 years later than Yamnaya. Considering how frequently languages keep changing on the steppe it is a stretch to suggest that even 2000 to 3000 years before the Scythians, the people on the steppe were still speaking Indo-Europeans. Let me also add in here that according to Herodotus, the Scythians themselves came to the steppe from somewhere south which is not really surprising when you consider that the oldest Indo-Iranian texts such as the Veda & the Avesta were composed much further south in and around the Indian subcontinent.
It is also quite ridiculous to imagine that nomadic steppe people could give rise to 4 great world civilisations of the Indians, Persians, Greeks & Romans. That Indo-Europeans could give rise to so much of the world culture and civilization points to the likelihood that their origins too must lie in some great Bronze Age civilization and not in the rag tag nomads of the barren steppe.
I suggest that it is the massive Bronze Age civilization of the Indus and its surrounding Eastern Iranian & BMAC cultures which were the earliest Indo-European civilizations from where they later on expanded all across Eurasia.
You might want look at what the world's greatest expert on this subject, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza has to say about this. His book Genes, Peoples and Languages sets out the evidence clearly.
For the sake of everyone's sanity and the many jaws currently dropped on the floor, can I suggest we leave 'Mr Bloom' to stew in his own hallucinogenic juice? He has clearly smoked something.
Yes, a wise idea indeed!
Btw - thought you responded with the patience of a saint! A lesson to us all…. 😎
Thank you, but I fancy that I was wasting my time!
Claiming that *all* of the things we used were invented by descendants of the Aryans is probably a stretch. I doubt that it's much more than 99% of all of the things. Maybe 99.5%.
Jokes aside, I'm amused by people who treat rhetorical devices as literal claims. I'm even more amused by people who dig into prehistory to refute the claims. Agreed, spears, and the flint knapping and the fire-hardening of sharpened sticks and making of cordage and glue from plant and animal sources are all technology. The species wouldn't be where it is now and possibly would have gone extinct without them. But is that really the best refutation of "All the wonderful things which make up the modern world ... are the product of European thought and ingenuity."?
It's not just nouns that share a common root in English, Russian, and German. There are lots of verbs that share a common root and just a few examples below
to concentrate концентрироваться konzentrieren
to organise организовывать organisieren
to react реагировать reagieren
to interest oneself in something интересоваться interessieren sich
to motivate мотивировать motivieren.
where Cyrillic р -> г in English
г -> g in English
з -> z in English
н -> n in English
c -> s in English
Interestingly, the Americans write z for s in organize, which is closer to the Russian as s is с in Cyrillic. Where can see the verb suffix -овать in Russian you can see -ieren in German.
Not being a philologist I'm not sure if these words have a common Latin or Greek root or whether they were adopted later into all three but that seems unlikely.
I was very interested to read about the origins of the significance of the number three. I have a further piece of evidence to offer and a suggestion as to why the number might have been considered to be so important.
Florence and Kenneth Wood wrote two fascinating books decoding Homer’s epics which are set broadly in the Bronze Age; ‘Homer’s Secret Iliad’ and ‘Homer’s Secret Odyssey.’ These reveal both works to be the earliest books of astronomy and extended mnemonics for the positions of the stars and constellations in the night sky. Understanding these accurately would have been enormously important for navigation and for measuring the passage of time. Although the original text of the philosopher, Heraclitus, no longer exists, quotations and references to his book appear in the works of other writers, one of whom states that ”Heraclitus calls Homer an astronomer.”
The references to the number three occur in the story in which Odysseus encounters the one-eyed Polyphemus. “A seemingly random assembly of numbers and images point towards Homer’s understanding of pi, the ration of the diameter of a circle to its circumference.”(p115)
“In the story of Odysseus’s encounter with Polyphemus there are many images of ‘circles’ and ‘roundness.’ “ “ It is not only the large round eye in the middle of Polyphemus’s forehead that gives an image of a circle, another arises when the Greeks blind Polyphemus by taking a pointed pole of olive wood and rotating it in his eye socket. And if that were not enough, the name ‘Cyclops’ implies roundness, circular or revolving. Other images of roundness that Homer lists in the adventure with Polyphemus include wagon wheels, a boulder, a silver mixing bowl, jars of wine, baskets laden with round cheeses, open bowls of whey and milk, and an olive wood bowl.“ (P116)
“* Odysseus received three gifts from Aaron the priest.
* Polyphemus keeps his lambs and kids in three separate pens.
*. Each sailor escapes by clinging to the bellies of three black sheep lashed together.
*. An olive bowl offered to Polyphemus is filled with wine and emptied three times.
* After milking, Polyphemus divides the milk into three parts (milk to drink, cheese curds and whey)
*. Polyphemus seals and opens the cave three times, and three times repeats the name ’Noman.’
* Three times, Polyphemus eats two of Odysseus’s men, and his encounter with the Cyclops takes place over three days.” (P116)
Also included in this story are the numbers 7, 21 and 22.
Three times the diameter of a circle is approximately its circumference. Pi is an infinite number which has intrigued mathematicians for thousands of years, including Archimedes. Pi can also be expressed approximately as 22/7.
The wheel was, of course, an invention of great importance, then as it is still now. And the strange relationship of the circumference to the diameter might well be regarded as having magical significance.
A somewhat bold claim in the last paragraph, which I suppose you will substantiate in the next chapter.
A bold claim? That all the major inventions of the world were made by people of European descent? Why do you think so?
I've seen your video on the topic. What I'm questioning is whether you are excluding any contribution from the Middle East, or whether you consider them to be also Aryan descended.